Power Plant Guruji

   Essential Qualities Of Protection Speed Protective relaying should disconnected a faulty element as quickly as possible. Principal Reasons: Improves power system stability Decreases the amount of damage incurred Decreases the outage time for power consumer Decreases the possibility of severe fault in the up - stream Selectivity Selectivity is the ability of the protective system to determine the point at which the fault occurs by selecting the proper type of protective relay. This gives trip command to the nearest circuit breakers for cleaning the fault and no damage the system. Sensitivity  Sensitivity of a protective scheme refers to the smallest value of actuating quantity at which the protection start operating in relation with the minimum value of fault current in the protection zone. Reliability Reliability means trustworthiness. The relay should not fail to operate in the event of fault in the protective zone. It should not operate unnecessarily without sensing any fault. Sim

   What is power system protection Power-system protection is a branch of electrical power engineering. It deals with the protection of electrical power system from fault. The objective of a protection scheme is to keep  the power system stable by isolating only the componets that are under fault. The device that are  used to protect the power system from the faults are called protection device Basic Idea Of Protection Relay - Why , What and How ? Power System Protection  Why ? A good electric power system should ensure the availability of electrical power with out any interruption to every load connected to it. What ? Generally power is transmitted through high voltage transmission line and lines are exposed. Therefore, there may be chances of their breakdown due to strom, falling of external objects, and damage to the insulators, etc. These can result not only mechanical damage but also in an electrical fault. Protective relays and relaying systems detects abnormal conditions like fa

Pump introduction What is a pump ? Rotating machine which transfer liquid from one place to another or from lower level to higher level. It convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Adds engery to the liquid so as transfer liquid. Adds engery to the liquid so as to transfer liquid : From one elevation to desired elevation by increasing potential energy. Against rsistance at reciver end against resistance in piping system With a desired flow velocity Functions of pump Mechanical energy to Hydraulic energy Kinetic energy Pressure energy Potential energy A pump does not create pressure, it only provides flow. Pressure is a just an indication of the amount of resistance to flow. Types of pump 1.Positive displacement pump 2.Non positive displacement pump Non positive displacement pump 1.jet pump 2.centrifugal pump Positive displacement pump 1.Rotary pump 2.Reciprocating pump Rotary pump 1.Gear pump 2.Lobe pump 3.Screw pump 4.Vane pump Reciprocating pump 1.Piston pump 2.Diaphargam pum

 A lubricant is a substance placed between two mating surfaces in order to separate them by a thin film reducing the intensity of friction & ensuring a smooth operation.  PURPOSE OF LUBRICANT  1. To reduce friction  2. To prevent wear  3. To prevent adhesion  4. To prevent Corrosion (rust)  5. To cool the moving elements.  6. To cool the surfaces by washing away the metal particles resulting from wear.  7. To ensure a speedy & noiseless operation.  8. To extend the overhaul & services life of the machine.  9. To aid sealing in bearing against the entrance of dirt/ dust.  10. Sometimes as in hydraulic equipments the lubricant actually serves to transmit power one part to another part.  11. To carry away heat generated by friction  12. To reset oxidation  13. To add in distributing the load Mineral Oil: - Mineral oils are mostly used for engine & m/c lubrication as they are cheap & durable.  They are complex mixture of hydrocarbons & are obtained from fractional d